java - Why does DoubleStream.sum()'s result differ from straight addition? -


i confused. if calculate 

system.out.println(0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1);

then result of 0.9999999999999999. if calculate

double sum = doublestream.builder().add(0.1).add(0.1).add(0.1).add(0.1).add(0.1).add(0.1).add(0.1).add(0.1).add(0.1).add(0.1).build().sum(); system.out.println(sum);

then result of 1.0. why there difference?

the javadoc of double java.util.stream.doublestream.sum() answers question:

in particular, method may implemented using compensated summation or other technique reduce error bound in numerical sum compared simple summation of double values.

in other words, implementation of sum() doesn't have use simple summation of double values (which can have accuracy issues, noticed in first snippet), , therefore may return more accurate result.

edit: note though using doublestream's sum() appears give more accurate result, implementation detail, it's not guaranteed javadoc. besides, simple double addition more efficient, since doesn't have overhead of constructing doublestream. have decide if prefer potential better accuracy or performance.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Sort a complex associative array in PHP -

this question has answer here: php sort array subarray value 5 answers i have associative array in php like: $newarray1 = array ( [producta] => array ( [link] => http://sanjosespartan.com/blog/products/agile-java-development/ [visitcount] => 4 ) [productd] => array ( [link] => http://sanjosespartan.com/blog/products/intro-to-go/ [visitcount] => 1 ) [productg] => array ( [link] => http://sanjosespartan.com/blog/products/node-js-for-developers/ [visitcount] => 1 ) [productb] => array ( [link] => http://sanjosespartan.com/blog/products/beginning-mysql/ [visitcount] => 1 ) [productc] => array ( [link] => http://sanjosespartan.com/blog/products/computer-networks/ [visitcount] => 1 ) ...
Read more

vb.net - How to ignore if a cell is empty nothing -

how use roscolor() ignore value (like empty cell) ? color row if value upper 5 when there nothing in cell, want ignore roscolor() apply, how? public sub roscolor() integer = 0 quotedatagridview1.rows.count() - 1 step +1 dim val integer val = quotedatagridview1.rows(i).cells(3).value if val = vbempty quotedatagridview1.rows(i).defaultcellstyle.backcolor = color.white elseif val < 5 quotedatagridview1.rows(i).defaultcellstyle.backcolor = color.red elseif val > 5 , val < 10 quotedatagridview1.rows(i).defaultcellstyle.backcolor = color.lightyellow end if next end sub you can check empty value following public sub roscolor() integer = 0 quotedatagridview1.rows.count() - 1 step +1 dim val = quotedatagridview1.rows(i).cells(3).value if isdbnull(val) or val nothing quotedatagridview1.rows(i).defaultcellstyle.backcolor = color.white ...
Read more

recursion - Can every recursive algorithm be improved with dynamic programming? -

i first year undergraduate csc student looking competitive programming. recursion involves defining , solving sub problems. understand, top down dynamic programming (dp) involves memoizing solutions sub problems reduce time complexity of algorithm. can top down dp used improve efficiency of every recursive algorithm overlapping sub problems? dp fail work , how can identify this? the short answer is: yes. however, there constraints. obvious 1 recursive calls must overlap. i.e. during execution of algorithm, recursive function must called multiple times same parameters. lets truncate recursion tree memoization. can use memoization reduce number of calls. however, reduction of calls comes price. need store results somewhere. next obvious constraint need have enough memory. comes not-so obvious constraint. memory access requires time. first need find result stored , maybe copy location. in cases, might faster let recursion calculate result instead of loading somewher...
Read more