python - TypeError: 'collections.defaultdict' object is not callable -


i having error when tried print objects in index.. trying search lname , print object values...

from collections import defaultdict class pbook(object):     lname_index = defaultdict(list)      def __init__(self, lname, fname, age):         self.lname=lname         self.fname=fname         self.age=age         pbook.lname_index[lname].append(self)      def __str__(self):         return "%s %s %s" % (self.lname, self.fname, self.age)    mylist = [] mylist.append(pbook("john","smith",23)) mylist.append(pbook("george","bush",25))  print pbook.lname_index

defaultdict(, {'bush': [<main.pbook object @ 0x000000000585ec50>], 'smith': [<main.pbook object @ 0x000000000585ec88>]})

if "bush" in pbook.lname_index:     print "found"

found 

if "bush" in pbook.lname_index:     print pbook.lname_index(mylist)

typeerror: 'collections.defaultdict' object not callable

  1. mylist of datatype list. can never used key dictionary. thumb rule keys should hashable, hence use dictionary keys string, numbers or tuples immutable.

  2. as pointed dict should accessed [] or using .get().

sample code 

from collections import defaultdict class pbook(object):     lname_index = defaultdict(list)      def __init__(self, lname, fname, age):         self.lname=lname         self.fname=fname         self.age=age         pbook.lname_index[lname].append(self)      def __str__(self):         return "%s %s %s" % (self.lname, self.fname, self.age)    mylist = [] mylist.append(pbook("john","smith",23)) mylist.append(pbook("george","bush",25))  print pbook.lname_index.get("john") print pbook.lname_index.get("george") print pbook.lname_index.get("bush", none)

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